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KALAMAZOO

KALAMAZOO, MI

Your water system exceeds federal PFAS limits. We recommend taking action.

Population served
193K
Source type
GW
Compounds detected
29
Above federal limits
2

PWSID: MI0003520 · Source: EPA UCMR 5

Every compound tested

All 29 PFAS compounds in the EPA UCMR 5 program. Detected results are shown first.

PFOSPerfluorooctanesulfonic acid
5.7 ppt
1.4× the federal limit
0EPA limit (4.0 ppt)2× limit
PFOAPerfluorooctanoic acid
4.0 ppt
1.0× the federal limit
0EPA limit (4.0 ppt)2× limit
PFHxSPerfluorohexanesulfonic acid
3.7 ppt
Below federal limit
0EPA limit (10 ppt)2× limit
11Cl-PF3OUdS11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

4:2FTS1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (4:2 FTS)
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

6:2FTS1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (6:2 FTS)
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

8:2FTS1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanesulfonic acid (8:2 FTS)
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

9Cl-PF3ONS9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

ADONA4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

HFPO-DAHexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid
Below federal limit
0EPA limit (10 ppt)2× limit
NEtFOSAAN-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

NFDHANonafluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

NMeFOSAAN-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFBAPerfluorobutanoic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFBSPerfluorobutanesulfonic acid
6.2 ppt
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFDAPerfluorodecanoic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFDoAPerfluorododecanoic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFEESAPerfluoro (2-ethoxyethane) sulfonic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFHpAPerfluoroheptanoic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFHpSPerfluoroheptanesulfonic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFHxAPerfluorohexanoic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFMBAPerfluoro(4-methoxybutanoic) acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFMPAPerfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFNAPerfluorononanoic acid
Below federal limit
0EPA limit (10 ppt)2× limit
PFPeAPerfluoropentanoic acid
4.7 ppt
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFPeSPerfluoropentanesulfonic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFTAPerfluorotetradecanoic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFTrDAPerfluorotridecanoic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

PFUnAPerfluoroundecanoic acid
No federal limit established

This compound is monitored under UCMR 5 but has no enforceable EPA drinking water limit yet.

How this grade was calculated

This system received a grade of D because PFOS exceeds the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level by 1.4×.

Letter grade rubric
GradeCriteria
ANo PFAS detected above the Minimum Reporting Level
BPFAS detected, all below 50% of the EPA MCL
CWorst compound between 50% and 100% of EPA MCL
DAt least one compound exceeds the EPA MCL (up to 5×)
FAt least one compound exceeds 5× the EPA MCL

Read the full methodology →

What KALAMAZOO customers can do

KALAMAZOO's water exceeds federal PFAS limits. We recommend customers take action:

  • Install a reverse osmosis (RO) or activated-carbon water filter certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 53 or 58 for PFAS reduction. RO systems remove the widest range of PFAS compounds.
  • Do NOT boil your water to remove PFAS — boiling concentrates them.
  • Request your most recent Consumer Confidence Report from your utility and ask when PFAS treatment will be installed.
  • Contact your local elected officials and water utility board to demand a remediation timeline.
  • Get independent water testing through services like Tap Score (mytapscore.com) if you want to verify your in-home levels.
  • Talk to your healthcare provider about PFAS exposure — especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or have young children.

Read the full action guide →

Where this data comes from

This data reflects EPA testing. Your water utility may have more recent results — contact them directly for the most current information.